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The Beginning Years How Obeilin's land was marked off in 1835 has determined to a large extent the relative positions of the town and college to this day. An 1835 plat shows that small individual lots for building houses or shops were confined largely to the east side of Main Street, extending north and south (Fig. 3). Land bounded by Lorain and Main Streets and extending west and south was set aside for the college. Individual lots were also marked on the north side of Lorain Street. Y /j/#s/ ft /f/f Yx2, 'J*aSw&i ZL. gp-xg'J. t -- UU^ j'i <La. ft ,' T~ ... . f{ s~:. 3. Plat of Oberlin, 1835 As a struggling colony, Oberlin's immediate concerns were to provide a roof over everyone's head and classroom space. To fulfill this purpose, Oberlin Hall was built in 1835 at the corner of what is today Main and College streets: a wood-frame, multi-use building, erected to satisfy the need for living quarters, chapel and classrooms. Also in 1835, Tappan Hall was constructed at the center of the delineated "college green," facing east toward Main Street where most of Oberlin's merchants would locate themselves. Tappan Hall's institutional importance was clearly exptessed by its position on the square; its symbolic status, though the building has long since been demolished, has endured as a part of the Oberlin College seal. Other college buildings at this time were located on College Street. These included a carpenter's shop (the college originally provided for many of the settlets' needs), Colonial Hall, Cincinnati or "Slab" Hall, which was torn down five years aftei it was built due to structural imperfections, and First Ladies Hall.5 Asa Mahan, Oberlin's first president, and Charles Finney, its second, occupied college-built houses on Professor Street, facing the town and the back of Tap- pan Hall. The relationship of the college to the town at this moment can be seen in Figure 1: the college was situated at the center of town on a large lawn (Tappan Square), and its officials lived on the college side of the square, "backing up," so to speak, the college buildings. The only anomaly to the plan of the square in 1844 was the location of First Church. Although First Church was of equal importance to Tappan Hall as a centei of both town and college, its physical position relative to each is enigmatic, since it faces neither the town nor the college green.6 When built, it was the largest building west of the Alleghenies, and its position at the crossroads of the only road out of, or into Oberlin did render it an impressive gateway. Still, its orientation ignored the developing college and town, off to the south. Today First Church is still the only building on the square which does not directly acknowledge it. Utopia Displaced The period from 1855 to 1875 is that in which the relationship between college and town was most clearly delineated (Fig. 2). French and 10
Object Description
Title | Allen Memorial Art Museum bulletin |
Description | volume 41, number 1 |
Alternate Title | Bulletin of the Allen Memorial Art Museum of Oberlin College |
Issue Title | Building Utopia: Oberlin Architecture 1833-1983 |
Creator | Allen Memorial Art Museum |
Subject | Museum exhibits -- Ohio -- Oberlin |
Museum Director/Acting Director | Olander, William |
Contributors |
Bettendorf, Virginia B. Dyer, Christine Adrian Elrod, Diana R. Gurniak, Miriam R. Klukas, Arnold William Lord, Chip Low, Eric J. Michels, Doug Olander, William Pearson, John, 1940- Schiffman, Claire Wuellner, Margarita Jerabek |
Contents | Foreword; Acknowledgments; Introduction; Town and Gown: Tappan Square as a Paradigm of Oberlin's Changing Vision; The Aesthetics of a Moral Architecture: Oberlin 1833-1883; From Asceticism to Aestheticism: Domestic Architecture in Oberlin, 1833-1983; 'Heaven Begun Below': Student Housing in Oberlin; 'Beauty, Utility and Fitness': Cass Gilbert in Oberlin; Streamlining Utopia: The Modern Movement in Oberlin Architecture; A Utopian Past and a Visionary future: 'Oberlin 2133'; Checklist of the Exhibition; Suggested Further Readings |
List of Illustrations | American, 19th century (Margaret Drake Penfield?), Tappan Hall, ca. 1838-41, Oil on board; Tappan Square in 1835 (Design: Eric Low; Diagram: Fiona Maxwell); Tappan Square in 1875 (Design: Eric Low; Diagram: Fiona Maxwell); Plat of Oberlin, 1835; J. Olmsted and F. L. Olmsted, Jr., Proposed Master Plan, 1902 (detail); J. L. Silsbee, Proposed Arrangement of Walks and Buildings, 1912 (detail); C. Gilbert, Proposed Master Plan, 1907 (detail); C. Gilbert, Proposed Recitation Quadrangle, 1923; Tappan Hall, 1836 (photograph ca. 1875, demoslished); R. Bond, First Church, 1842-44 (photograph ca. 1920); R. Bond, Elevation for First Church, ca. 1842; R. Bond, Floorplan for First Church, ca. 1842 (detail of verso); Second Ladies Hall, 1861-66 (photograph ca. 1870; demolished); W. Blythe, Council Hail, 1871-74 (photograph ca. 1880; demolished); Main Stairway, Council Hall, (detail, photograph ca. 1930, demolished); Asa Mahan House, 1835 (photograph ca. 1900; demolished); J. Dascomb .James Dascomb House, 1852 (photograph 1983); Flavius Hart House, 1876 (photograph 1983); E.W. Chamberlain House, 1883 (photograph 1983); E. Sweet, Edgar Sweet House, 1889 (photograph ca. 1890); Professor Peck's House with Members of the Class of 1883, 1885; First Ladies (1855) and Colonial Halls (1836) (photograph ca. 1860; demolished); Slab (""Rebel"") Hall, 1835 (print 1846; demolished); C. Gilbert, Finney Memorial Chapel, 1908 (photograph 1977); C. Gilbert, Facade Elevation for Finney Chapel 1905 (detail); C. Gilbert, Cox Administration Building, 1915 (photograph ca. I960); C. Gilbert, Proposed Cloister for Finney Chapel and Cox Administration Building, ca. 1912 (detail); C. Gilbert, Dudley Peter Allen Memorial Art Museum, 1917 (photograph ca. 1976); C. Gilbert, Rear Courtyard, Allen Art Museum, 1917 (photograph ca. 1920); C. Gilbert, Elevation View of a Proposed East Sector, ca. 1914; C. Gilbert, Study for Auditorium, 1933 (detail); R. Kimball, Sketch of Proposed East Campus Development 1938 (detail); R. Kimball, Sketch for Hall Auditorium, Scheme A, 1940 (detail); R. Kimball, Hales Gymnasium, 1939 (photograph ca. 1940); W. H. Brown and C. Ward, Proposed Women's Gym, 1936 (detail); E. Saarinen, Proposal for Hall Auditorium, 1942; E. Saarinen, Study for Hall Auditorium, ca. 1942 ( detail); W. Harrison, Hall Auditorium, 1953 (photograph ca. I960); 38. Hall Auditorium (detail of facade), 1953 (photograph ca. I960); Austin Company, Kettering Hall of Science, 1961 (photograph ca. 1962); Skidmore, Owens and Merrill, Proposal for Kettering Science Center, 1960; Potter, Tyler, Martin and Roth, Dascomb Hall, 1956 (photograph ca. I960); Venturi, Rauch and Scott Brown, Addition and Renovation, Allen Art Museum, 1974 (detail); C. Oldenburg, Preparatory Study for 'An Alternate Proposal for an Addition to the Allen Art Museum"" 1977 (detail); Ant Farm (Chip Lord, Hudson Marquez, Doug Michels), Cadillac Ranch, 1974 (Interstate 40, Amarillo, Texas); Ant Farm (Chip Lord, Doug Michcls and Curtis Schreier, with Tom Weinberg), Media Bum, 1975 (Cow Palace, San Francisco; D. Michels, Oberlin 2133, 1983 (detail); C. Lord, Stage One: OBERLIN WALL, 1983 (detail); C. Gilbert, Proposed Interior Decoration for Finney Memorial Chapel, ca. 1907; C. Gilbert, Art Building, ca. 1913 (detail); Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, Study for Entrance to Hall Auditorium, ca. 1943 (detail); E. Shulte, Proposal for Science Quadrangle, 1942 (detail); F. L. Wright, House for Mr. and Mrs. Charles Weltzheimer, 1947 (detail) |
Year | 1983; 1984 |
Type | Journal |
Format | text; image |
Publisher | Oberlin College. Library |
Language | English |
Relation | http://obis.oberlin.edu/record=b1749012~S4 |
Rights | For research and educational use only. For all other uses please contact Allen Memorial Art Museum |
Description
Title | page 10 |
Transcript |
The Beginning Years
How Obeilin's land was marked off in 1835
has determined to a large extent the relative positions of the town and college to this day. An
1835 plat shows that small individual lots for
building houses or shops were confined largely
to the east side of Main Street, extending north
and south (Fig. 3). Land bounded by Lorain and
Main Streets and extending west and south was
set aside for the college. Individual lots were also
marked on the north side of Lorain Street.
Y /j/#s/ ft /f/f
Yx2, 'J*aSw&i
ZL. gp-xg'J.
t -- UU^
j'i |
List of Illustrations | Plat of Oberlin, 1835 |
Identifier | AMAM_Bulletin_041_001_0012.tif |
Rights | For research and educational use only. For all other uses please contact Allen Memorial Art Museum |
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