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was based on numbers indicating small steps of development which he himself sometimes called reigns, sometimes generations, and which in the light of subsequent research might have been better termed sequence- numbers. Reisner added up the total number of reigns and divided that into the time taken. The resulting average length of reign, which he considered as being normally a sequence of son to son, he thought of as being of paramount importance in settling questions of chronology. Perhaps some explanation of this is necessary. It is clearer to us now than perhaps it was to Reisner that the royal line of the Sudanese was matrilinear. That the mothers of their kings were all holders of the title "Candace"8 is known from the classical writers of antiquity. These royal ladies were of importance in determining the order of the succession of the kings, later they sometimes yet not always seem to have assumed an authority which warrants their recognition as Queens Regnant. Yet there were also kings reigning with them, for it is evident both from classical allusions and from the growth of the importance of the Egyptian title "King's Mother" in the Napatan period, when public inscriptions were still being written in a language intelligible to us, that it was either the fact of being the mother of a kino or the right to have O (DO one's son succeed to the throne — which, it is not quite clear, — that conferred the title of Candace. On the Egyptian-style bas-reliefs of the earlier times the physique of these ladies is represented normally enough, but in the later reliefs their girth increases until thev become quite unlike the contemporary Egyptian queens, the Cleopatras and the Berenices, who remain as slim as ever. Evidently their great girth" in the sculptured reliefs must have been meant to express not merely their royalty and political importance, but also their status as nursing mothers, the hope of the race. Thev may be Queens Regnant, thev are also potentially queens pregnant. We may note that during the so-called Napatan period, while the rulers' pyramids were in the northern part of the kingdom, all the largest pyramids in the series have structural characteristics belonging to the tombs of males, and the royal inscriptions, still couched in Egyptian, confirm this. Later, however, when it is certain that there were queens in their own right, the language has changed to Meroitic, and since Meroitic seems to have no grammatical expression of sex, we sometimes doubt whether we are dealing with a queen or a king. s A word here in explanation of spellings. The literary English spelling of this word is "Candace." Writers foreign to English literature tend to write Kandake or Kandaki, since the C's are both hard, being written in fact with K both in Greek and in Meroitic. 0 See for example BudgeES II, p. 142; LD V, 57. 46
Object Description
Title | Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin |
Description | volume 23, number 2 |
Alternate Title | Bulletin of the Allen Memorial Art Museum of Oberlin College |
Creator | Allen Memorial Art Museum |
Subject | Museum exhibits--Ohio--Oberlin |
Museum Director/Acting Director | Spencer, John R. (John Richard) |
Contributors |
Johnson, Ellen H. Macadam, M. F. Laming (Miles Frederick Laming), 1909-1997 Naef, Hans, 1920- |
Contents | Queen Nawidemak; Madame Thiers and her Portrait by Ingres; Notes |
Artists |
Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique (French, 1780-1867) Baertling, Olle (Swedish, 1911-1981) |
List of Illustrations | Gold base with Meroitic inscription; Drawing of Inscription; Copy of a painting from pyramid Barkal 6 at Napata; Tracing of fragments of an offering table now at Khartoum; Sketches of the various readings of the cartouche on painting from pyramid Barkal 6 at Napata; Reconstruction of the Meroitic figue now in the Museum of Antiquities at Khartoum; J. A. D. Ingres. Madame Thiers. Oberlin; Olle Baertling. Ikami 1958 |
Month/Season | Winter |
Year | 1966 |
Type | Journal |
Format | text; image |
Publisher | Oberlin College. Library |
Language | English |
Relation | http://obis.oberlin.edu/record=b1749012~S4 |
Rights | For research and educational use only. For all other uses please contact Allen Memorial Art Museum |
Description
Title | page 46 |
Transcript | was based on numbers indicating small steps of development which he himself sometimes called reigns, sometimes generations, and which in the light of subsequent research might have been better termed sequence- numbers. Reisner added up the total number of reigns and divided that into the time taken. The resulting average length of reign, which he considered as being normally a sequence of son to son, he thought of as being of paramount importance in settling questions of chronology. Perhaps some explanation of this is necessary. It is clearer to us now than perhaps it was to Reisner that the royal line of the Sudanese was matrilinear. That the mothers of their kings were all holders of the title "Candace"8 is known from the classical writers of antiquity. These royal ladies were of importance in determining the order of the succession of the kings, later they sometimes yet not always seem to have assumed an authority which warrants their recognition as Queens Regnant. Yet there were also kings reigning with them, for it is evident both from classical allusions and from the growth of the importance of the Egyptian title "King's Mother" in the Napatan period, when public inscriptions were still being written in a language intelligible to us, that it was either the fact of being the mother of a kino or the right to have O (DO one's son succeed to the throne — which, it is not quite clear, — that conferred the title of Candace. On the Egyptian-style bas-reliefs of the earlier times the physique of these ladies is represented normally enough, but in the later reliefs their girth increases until thev become quite unlike the contemporary Egyptian queens, the Cleopatras and the Berenices, who remain as slim as ever. Evidently their great girth" in the sculptured reliefs must have been meant to express not merely their royalty and political importance, but also their status as nursing mothers, the hope of the race. Thev may be Queens Regnant, thev are also potentially queens pregnant. We may note that during the so-called Napatan period, while the rulers' pyramids were in the northern part of the kingdom, all the largest pyramids in the series have structural characteristics belonging to the tombs of males, and the royal inscriptions, still couched in Egyptian, confirm this. Later, however, when it is certain that there were queens in their own right, the language has changed to Meroitic, and since Meroitic seems to have no grammatical expression of sex, we sometimes doubt whether we are dealing with a queen or a king. s A word here in explanation of spellings. The literary English spelling of this word is "Candace." Writers foreign to English literature tend to write Kandake or Kandaki, since the C's are both hard, being written in fact with K both in Greek and in Meroitic. 0 See for example BudgeES II, p. 142; LD V, 57. 46 |
Identifier | AMAM_Bulletin_023_002_0008.tif |
Rights | For research and educational use only. For all other uses please contact Allen Memorial Art Museum |
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